Wednesday, July 28, 2010

Graviola

Graviola

Data sheet : GRAVIOLA


Scientific Name : Annona muricata L.

(Family Annonaceae; Genus Annona)


Common Names: soursop (US and the Caribbean); guanabana (Cuba, Caribbean); corosol (West Indies); katara ara tara (Cook Islands); laguana (Guam); sowasap (Nicaragua).




Clinical Overview

Graviola is mainly used for high blood pressure, as a sedative, as a stimulant of the central nervous system to treat nervous tension, for healing baths, and as an antibiotic, antiviral and antibacterial agent. It is often used to treat flu and fevers, while the leaves are used to relieve insomnia.


Anti-amoeba Activity

An extract from graviola has been found effective against some species of amoeba.



Anti-bacteria Activity

Various extracts (acetone, ethanol, or water) from graviola dried leaves, stem, bark, and roots have shown antibacterial action against E. coli and various species of Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and other bacteria.


Anti-depressant Activity

The fruit has been found to provide anti-depressive effects, believed to come from constituents such as annonaine, nornuciferine, and asimilobine. Any or all of these constituents appear to have the ability to stimulate serotonin receptors, helping to fight depression.


Antifungal Activity

Various extracts of graviola dried leaves, bark and stem have been effective against several fungi species such as Penicillum oxalicum, Cladosporium cucumerinum, and Neurospora crassa.


Liver protective Activity

A decoction of dried graviola leaves, tested in vitro, has demonstrated some protective activity against hepatocytes.


Anti-malaria Activity

Extracts from the dried leaves of graviola has shown mild protective activity against certain species of the malaria-causing Plasmodium.


Antiparasitic Activity

Graviola extracts from seeds have shown significant ability to protect against several species of parasites, including Nippostrongylus brasiliense, the infective larvae of Molinema desetae, and Trichomonas vaginalis.


Anti-tumor Activity

Methanol extracts from graviola leaves have shown therapeutic activity on tumors, consistent with acceptable therapeutic indexes.


Antiviral Activity

Extracts from graviola fruit has shown the ability to inhibit the actions of Herpes simplex virus -1.


Cardiac depressant Activity

A water extract from graviola bark has demonstrated depressant effects on the heart in animal studies.


Cytotoxic Activity

Extracts from graviola leaves and bark have been found to exercise toxic effects on cancer cells of the pancreas, lungs, prostate and liver. The most active constituents isolated from the graviola extracts include annopentocins, annomuricine, muricapentocin, muricoreacin, murihexocin, muricins A-G, muricatetrocins A-B, longifolicin, corossolin, and corossolone.


Data from in vitro studies have shown that alkaloids from graviola are detrimental to dopaminergic nerve cells. The cell-deaths induced by graviola extracts may be due to energy depletion, since the effect was slowed down after glucose supplementation. This could lead to neuron dysfunction and degeneration.


Blood pressure Effects

Ethanol and water extracts from graviola leaves and stem, administered intravenously to dogs at doses of 0.1 ml/kg body weight, have shown some hypertensive effects. On the other hand, hot water extracts of dried graviola leaves, administered intravenously to rats at doses of 1.0 ml/animal (not ml/kg body weight), have exercised hypotensive effects, lowering blood pressure by more than 30 percent.


Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity

Ethanol and water extracts of graviola leaves and stem has shown relaxant effects on the smooth muscles of rabbit duodenum (the first section leading from the stomach of the small intestine), at concentrations of 3.3 ml/liter.


Spasmogenic Activity

Ethanol and water extracts of graviola leaves and stem has shown the ability to relieve spasms on the guinea pig ileum (the last section of the small intestine leading to the anus), at concentrations of 0.033 ml/liter.


Uterine Stimulant Activity

Ethanol and water extracts of graviola leaves and stem has stimulant affects on the uterus in animal studies, at a concentration of 0.033 mg/liter.


Other uses

Usage varies from one country to another, but in general graviola leaves, roots, and bark are used in traditional folk medicine treatments for cancer, convulsions, diarrhea, dysentery, fevers, venereal disease, and male impotence. Tea infusions from graviola are used for treatments of eye disease and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Drinks made from graviola leaves are also tapped for their relaxant and antispasmodic properties, to soothe muscles and relieve ulcer symptoms.


Dosing

There is no information on dosage for specific ailments. It is clear there are health potential and benefits to be obtained from graviola, but there is a risk of hazardous side effects. Use of graviola for medicinal purposes should therefore be done only with professional guidance.



Contraindications

There are no large scale clinical studies on the effects of graviola in humans.


Pregnancy/Lactation

There are no large scale clinical studies on the effects of graviola in humans.


Interactions

There are no large scale clinical studies on the effects of graviola in humans.


Adverse Reactions

Graviola may cause neural disorders affecting movement, resulting in symptoms akin to Parkinson’s disease, because of detrimental effects on dopaminergic nerve cells.


Toxicology

There are no large scale clinical studies on the effects of graviola in humans.


Botany

Soursop is a cherished fruit of the botanical family Annonaceae. It is native to tropical America. It is cultivated widely in the tropical regions of Central and South America, Florida and tropical Africa, as well as other tropical countries worldwide. It is a small tree that grows up to about 7 meters in height. Its leaves are oblong or nearly obovate, up to 15 cm long, smooth, shiny and pointed at both ends. They exude a pungent odor when crushed. The fruit is ovoid, about 18 cm long or longer, and is covered with scattered spine-like structures. The pulp is soft white, aromatic, fibrous and fleshy, with a pleasant sour flavor, and is often juiced or made into ice cream.


History

Graviola has been used for various purposes in many countries, including for asthma, chills, colds, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, fever, gallbladder ailments, high blood pressure, insomnia, internal ulcers, nephrosis, neurosis, palpitations, pellagra, skin diseases such as ringworm, scurvy and sores, and intestinal worms. Ecuador natives used graviola leaves as analgesic and antispasmodic. Tea made from graviola leaves in Latin America as a sedative and tranquilizer. Fasting patients drink graviola fruit juice for leprosy and liver ailments.


Chemistry

Graviola is rich in vitamins B and C, and phosphorus. For every 100 g of fruit, some of the constituents reported include 14 mg calcium, 21 mg phosphorus, 0.5 mg riboflavin, 1.3 mg niacin, and 24 mg ascorbic acid. The seeds contain 22.1 percent oil and 21.4 percent protein. The fruit is high in linoleic acid and contains unsaturated fats. Various acetogenins are present in the leaf and stem, which can be prepared as insecticides. Other compounds isolated from graviola include quinolines, annopentocins, annomuricins, and coreximine.


Medicinal Benefits of Soursop



Origin: Tropical America
  • Family: Annonaceae
  • Botanical Name: Annona muricata
  • Varieties: about nine, differing in shape, texture in flavors
  • Season: almost all the year round
  • Tree: height; up to 10 m
  • Fruit: length:12 - 24 cm; weight: 400 - 800 gm

Soursop is a fruit that has the most delectable flavor. The soursop is a large fruit of a small, fast-growing tree. The fruit is picked from the tree before it has fully ripened as it will be badly bruised if allowed to ripen and fall. The fruit is mature and is ready for eating when it feels slightly soft and is light green externally. The skin is thin and is covered with conical nibs. The white, pulpy flesh, which contains juice, is peppered with small shiny, black inedible seeds, and has a pleasant, sweet-acidic taste. As it is rather fibrous, its squeezed juice makes a better choice, and has, in fact become more popular than the fresh fruit as such. Soursop has few seedless varieties, but they are rare, and tend to have fibrous flesh.

Medicinal Benefits: Soursop is not only a delicious and healthy fruit but it is use medicinally to treat illness ranging from stomach ailments to worms.

  • The seeds, which have emetic properties, can be used in the treatment of vomiting.
  • The leaf decoction is effective for head lice and bedbugs.
  • The crushed fresh leaves can be applied on skin eruptions to promote healing.
  • The juice of the fruit can be taken orally as a remedy for urethritis, haematuria and liver ailments.
  • The juice when taken when fasting, it is believed to relieve liver ailments and leprosy.
  • To speed the healing of wounds, the flesh of the soursop is applied as a poultice unchanged for 3 days.
  • A decoction of the young shoots or leaves is regarded as a remedy for gall bladder trouble, as well as coughs, catarrh, diarrhea, dysentery, fever and indigestion.
  • Mashed leaves are used as a poultice to alleviate eczema and other skin problems and rheumatism.
  • The root bark is use as an antidote for poisoning.
  • Soursop flowers are believed to alleviate catarrh.
  • Decoction of leaves used as compresses for inflammation and swollen feet.

Nutrient Value per 100 grams servings:

  • Vitamin: C 20.6
  • Calcium: 14
  • Iron: 0.6
  • Calories: 66
  • Dietary Fiber: 3.3g
  • Protein: 1g
  • Cholesterol: 0mg
  • Sodium: 14mg
  • Sugars: 13.54g
  • Total Carbohydrate: 16.84g
  • Total Fat: 0.3g
  • Saturated Fat: 0.05g
  • Monounsaturated Fat: 0.09g
  • Polyunsaturated Fat: 0.06g

Culinary uses: eaten fresh as fruit; made into cakes, ice cream, preserved, beverages and for flavoring. The young soursop, where the seeds are still soft, is used as a vegetable. The fermented fruit is also use to make an apple cider-like drink.


Friday, July 16, 2010

Malungay (moringa)

Elevated Blood Pressure
Blood pressure tends to rise with age. Following a healthy lifestyle helps some people delay or prevent this rise in blood pressure.

High blood pressure increases your chance (or risk) for getting heart disease and/or kidney disease, and for having a stroke. It is especially dangerous since it often has no warning signs or symptoms. Regardless of race, age, or gender, anyone can develop high blood pressure. It is estimated that one in every four American adults has high blood pressure. Once high blood pressure develops, it usually lasts a lifetime.

High blood pressure can eventually cause blood vessels in the eye to burst or bleed. Vision may become blurred or otherwise impaired and can result in blindness. As people get older, arteries throughout the body “harden,” especially those in the heart, brain, and kidneys. High blood pressure is associated with these “stiffer” arteries. This, in turn, causes the heart and kidneys to work harder. The kidneys act as filters to rid the body of wastes. Over time, high blood pressure can narrow and thicken the blood vessels of the kidneys. The kidneys filter less fluid, and waste builds up in the blood. The kidneys may fail altogether.

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart attack. The arteries bring oxygen-carrying blood to the heart muscle. If the heart cannot get enough oxygen, chest pain, also known as “angina,” can occur. If the flow of blood is blocked, a heart attack results. High blood pressure is the number one risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF). CHF is a serious condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to supply the body’s needs.

The important nutrients needed by a person suffering from high blood pressure are Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Zinc, and Vitamin E. Moringa contains these entire nutrient in it. Moringa contains Vitamin C helps support the body’s production of nitric oxide, which is critical to normal functioning of blood vessels. The better your blood vessels work, the lower your risk of hypertension. Calcium is needed for smooth muscle relaxation and contraction; increased consumption can have a direct effect on blood vessels. It’s best to get your calcium from your diet; studies have found that compared with supplements, dietary calcium has twice the benefits for blood pressure.

Potassium content of the Moringa is 15 times more compared to Banana. Potassium acts by increasing sodium excretion in the urine, which helps blood vessels dilate, and changing the interactions of hormones that affect blood pressure.

Diet high in magnesium benefits those with hypertension, most likely by contributing to the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels. Moringa also contains magnesium along with zinc and vitamin E which takes part in decreasing the blood pressure along with other nutrients.
Diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the human body does not produce or properly uses insulin, a hormone that is required to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by constant high levels of blood glucose (sugar). Human body has to maintain the blood glucose level at a very narrow range, which is done with insulin and glucagons.

The abnormally high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) resulting from insufficient levels of the hormone insulin which is characteristic symptoms polyuria, polydipsia, glucoseuria, unexplained weight loss, and lethargy. There are two types of diabetes: Type I diabetes known as insulin dependent diabetes and Type II diabetes refer to insulin non dependent diabetes. It is possible for us to treat diabetes II through proper dieting, medication and regular exercise.

Untreated diabetes will lead to complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular problems etc., researchers recently reported that vitamin D is essential for the islet cells in the pancreas to be able to secrete insulin properly. The studies have shown that individuals with low vitamin D levels experienced the worst blood sugar-handling problems and had a greater risk of developing diabetes. Moringa as a rich source of ascorbic acid helps in insulin secretion. It is interesting to note that certain nutrients like vitamins B1, B2, B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, protein and potassium – along with small frequent meals containing some carbohydrate – can actually stimulate production of insulin within the body.

Vitamin A as an antioxidant helps convert beta-carotene efficiently, which reduces the risk of blindness in diabetics. Vitamin B 12 is effective in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. High dose supplements of vitamin C have been shown to prevent sorbitol accumulation and glycosylation of proteins, both of which are important factors in the development of diabetic complications such as cataracts. Studies have shown that a low vitamin-E concentration was associated with a 3.9 times greater risk of developing diabetes. Vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, thus improving membrane physical characteristics and related activities in glucose transport. This antioxidant promotes healing of diabetes-related lesions. Magnesium helps in the metabolism of glycogen, Mg works closely with vitamin B 6 to help the metabolic process with in the cell. Moringa has all these nutrients and helps the diabetic patient control their blood glucose level.
Children and Young Adults
Lack of consumption of balanced nutrients or feeding the wrong kind of food leads to an accumulation of toxins within the body, resulting in chronic diseases. Since no single food group can nourish the body with all the vital ingredients it requires, it is important that we consume a variety of healthy foods to derive the nutrition our body needs. Children are the vulnerable groups, they need complete nutrition for their growth, physical and mental fitness.

Moringa is a very good natural supplement needed by every child for their well being. Calcium is particularly important in building strong bones and teeth. Calcium, the most abundant mineral in the body, gets particular attention for its role in keeping bones strong. Moringa contains 17 times the calcium content in milk. Fractures reported among children and young adults are on the rise due to calcium deficiency. It is also a key mineral needed for muscular contractions, wound healing and proper function of hormones and neurotransmitters in the brain. Calcium in the blood helps maintain heart rhythm, and promotes proper blood clotting and muscular function.

Magnesium is important to 300 bodily functions, including the muscles, nerves and heart. It boosts your immune system and strengthens bones. Iron is an oxygen-carrying component of the blood. Children need iron for expanding blood volume which is accompanied during periods of rapid growth. Iron content of Moringa is 25 times of iron in spinach.

When children do not eat enough fruits and vegetables they run the risk of having low intakes of vitamins A and C. B Complex Vitamins (thiamin, niacin, riboflavin and other B vitamins) come from a variety of foods, including grain products, meat and meat substitutes and dairy products. Most of the children are not consuming the healthy foods instead they are attracted towards the mal-nutrient snack foods.

When appetites slow down and children do not seem to be eating nutritiously, concerned parents consider using a vitamin-mineral supplement. Moringa plant is one of the richest sources of Vitamins. Moringa has Vitamin A (Beta Carotene), Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), Vitamin B6 Pyrodixine), Vitamin B7 (Biotin), Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol), Vitamin E (Tocopherol) and Vitamin K, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese and Zinc. Moringa has 17 times more Calcium than that of milk, Moringa, with 25 times more Iron than that of Spinach, 15 times the potassium in banana assists in the regulation of the acid-base and water balance in the blood and the body tissues. It assists in protein synthesis of amino acids and in carbohydrate metabolism.

Vitamins and other nutrients are critically important for the proper physical, cognitive and even emotional development of young children. Vitamins, minerals and other essential nutrients help create the neurotransmitters that relay signals between these brain Children who do not get adequate nutrition in their first few years of life are more likely to have problems throughout life. This includes lower IQ, slower language and motor development, and poor school performance.

Anti-Aging
Aging affects our social environment. Symptoms of old age includes wrinkles and liver spots on the skin, hair loss , lessened hearing , poor eyesight , slower reaction times and agility , reduced ability to think clearly , difficulty recalling memories , greater susceptibility to bone diseases such as osteoarthritis. Elderly people tend to have lower body temperatures and infections that would cause fever. Elderly pneumonia sufferers may present symptoms such as rapid breathing, reduced appetite and reduced functioning. Elderly urinary tract infection sufferers may present symptoms such as incontinence, confusion and may suffer from falls.

Malunggay is rich in vitamin to the extent that it is one of the richest plant source of Vitamins. Moringa has Vitamin A (Beta Carotene), Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), Vitamin B6 Pyrodixine), Vitamin B7 (Biotin), Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol), Vitamin E (Tocopherol) and Vitamin K. Vitamin A is needed to prevent night blindness, promotes healthy skin, and fights infections. Vitamin C is needed to maintain healthy gums, assists in healing wounds, and helps the body use iron. Vitamin E will protect your body against free radical damage to cells. Calcium and Vitamin D are essential to maintain strong bones and teeth.

The list of Minerals present in Malunggay is abundant and few of the main minerals include Calcium, Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese and Zinc. Calcium is one of the most important minerals for the growth, maintenance, and reproduction of the human body. Blood coagulation, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, normal heart beat, stimulation of hormone secretion, activation of enzyme reactions, as well as other functions, all require small amounts of calcium. After age 50, more calcium or 1,200 milligrams are needed to prevent a disease called osteoporosis. As you age, minerals in your bones are lost and bones may get thinner.

Malunggay contains all the essential minerals needed for maintaining strong bones. Good nutrition can help lessen the effects of diseases prevalent among elderly population and improve their quality of life.

Malunggay is the richest source of Calcium. Malunggay has 17 times more Calcium than that of milk, helps to avoid the occurrence of osteoporosis during old age and strengthen the bones of the young and middle age people. Malunggay, with 25 times more Iron than that of Spinach, helps in the formation of hemoglobin and myoglobin, which carry the oxygen in the blood and the muscle. Iron also makes up part of many proteins and enzymes in the body, deficiency of which leads to the weakening of the immune system, helps in improving the mental ability as the oxygen supply to the brain increases.

Malunggay with 15 times the potassium in Banana assists in the regulation of the acid-base and water balance in the blood and the body tissues. Body proteins are constantly being made and used during your lifetime to maintain cell and organ functions. Adequate protein intake and protein reserves are important for older adults, especially during periods of emotional and physical stresses. Protein helps to prevent muscle loss. As the richest source of Calcium and Potassium it helps in the reducing the blood pressure. It assists in protein synthesis from amino acids and in carbohydrate metabolism. Malunggay capsules are the best natural supplement which provides all the necessary nutrients needed by the body. The bioavailability of the nutrients in Malunggay more compared to other supplement as Malunggay is 100% natural.

Lactating Mothers
A new born baby has only three demands. They warmth in the arms of its mother, food from her breast and security in the knowledge of her presence. Breast feeding satisfies all the three.

Breast milk is the natural and complete food for infants. It is safe, inexpensive and provides all nutrients most babies need for the first 6 months of life. Researches have shown that breastfed babies are less likely to suffer eczema, food allergy and respiratory illness than formula-fed babies. In the Philippines, 85 % of mothers initiated breast feeding soon after delivery but only 22% of these mothers are still exclusively feeding by one month old. Most mothers after initiating expression of breast milk on the first few days postpartum complain of insufficient volume of breast milk. This has prompted mothers to shift their children to bottle feeding and stop breast feeding.

Galactagogues are herbs that promote and establish the flow of mother’s milk. Malunggay is one of the most studied herbs in the Philippines. As a galactogogue, several studies confirm its efficacy. However, it is usually promoted to be given 3 days postpartum or after delivery to induce lactation. The lactation enhancing effects of malunggay leaves as evidenced by a greater increase in maternal serum prolactin levels. Prolactin is the most important hormone in the initiation of laction. Malunggay capsules are effective galactagogues if given prior to delivery with onset of adequate amount.

Antioxidant Properties To Boost Your Immune System
If you want to stay healthy, you need to feed your body properly. Although it is recommended to eat several servings of fruits and vegetables, the food pyramid is considered by many to be inadequate for individuals who are trying to maintain their optimum health. So we need supplements which will provide the entire essential nutrients needed by our body.

Moringa is recommended as nutrient supplement because it helps digest the food by supplying the minerals for effective digestion. This will help your body to totally absorb all the food nutrients.

The Moringa plant provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. Moringa Oleifera is very important for its medicinal value. Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Oxidative by-products of normal metabolism cause extensive damage to DNA, protein, and lipid. This damage (the same as that produced by radiation) is a major contributor to aging and to degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune-system decline, brain dysfunction and cataracts.

Research is increasingly showing that those who eat antioxidant-rich foods reap health benefits. Moringa supplements can boost antioxidant levels, Moringa contains 46 antioxidants that helps the cells neutralize the free radicals due to oxidative stress.

Antioxidants are also involved in the prevention of cellular damage — the common pathway for cancer, aging, and a variety of diseases. Athletes have a keen interest because of health concerns and the prospect of enhanced performance and/or recovery from exercise. Increased intake of vitamin E is a protection against exercise induced oxidative damage. Moringa contains Vitamin E that neutralizes these damaging conditions.
Athletes and Active Life Styles
Constant practice is the key to the success of athletes and sportsmen. But the real secret behind is proper nutrition. Moringa provides people with active lifestyle all the essential vitamins, minerals and protein and helps them in various ways and mainly to improve their strength. Moringa provides the body with 100% natural Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Calcium Iron and many other nutrients. These nutrients are readily bio-available and helps to boost energy instantly. In contrast to caffeine, Moringa not only adds energy but also supplies essential nutrients for the body.
Improves Endurance
Moringa, with its high Vitamin A and Vitamin C contents, combined with its extraordinary Iron content. Helps to improve the hemoglobin content of the blood. This in turn helps the blood to deliver more oxygen to the muscles during aerobic and endurance exercises. The increased Oxygen carried by the blood also helps to increase the metabolic rate and assists in burning unwanted fat deposited in the body.
Moringa Oil for Young Looking Skin
Moringa Oil or Ben oil is obtained by pressing the seeds of Moringa Oilefera Tree. Moringa oil is the most stable oil in nature and it does not go rancid. Moringa oil has numerous applications in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.

The Moringa seeds yield 38–40% edible oil (called ben oil, from the high concentration of behenic acid contained in the oil) that can be used in cooking and cosmetics. Its nutrient-rich leaves and seeds can be eaten, and the oil pressed from its seeds is chock-full of radiance-boosting fatty acids and vitamins A and C. Beauty companies around the world are now bringing the oil’s skin-smoothing de-puffing benefits to you in brand-new moisturizers.

Moringa oil possesses exceptional oxidative stability which may explain why the Egyptians placed vases of Moringa oil in their tombs. The healing properties of Moringa oil, also known as behen oil, were documented by ancient cultures. It has tremendous cosmetic value and is used in body and hair care as a moisturizer and skin conditioner. Moringa oil has been used in skin preparations and ointments since Egyptian times. This is very long lasting oil with a shelf life of up to 5 years.

Applications of Moringa Oil is highly valued in the cosmetic industry for its unique property. Moringa oil is light and spreads easily on the skin. It is best for massage and aromatherapy applications.

The antioxidants and the nutrients present in the Moringa oil help to curb the activity of free radicals on the skin. The free radicals are the agents that cause damage to the skin tissues and pave way for skin wrinkles. Antioxidants rich Moringa Oil, curbs the activities of free radicals and hence finds a place in the anti-ageing creams.

Moringa seed oil contains antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, which help heal minor skin complaints such as cuts, bruises, burns, insect bites, rashes and scrapes quickly The addition of Moringa seed oil produces a rich and creamy lather and, unlike any other plant-based oil, actually increases the cleansing ability. It clears pimples and prevents recurrence, if used regularly; it removes wrinkles and will prevent; sagging of facial muscles; helps clears black heads and spots; makes face glow and helps to tighten the skin pores.

Skin moisturizing benefits are derived from the fact that moringa seed oil is high in vitamins A and C and unsaturated fatty acids. Moringa seed oil contains antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, which help heal minor skin complaints such as cuts, bruises, burns, insect bites, rashes and scrapes quickly. Moringa oil is also helpful for purposes of tanning or maintaining a tan. This oil is rich in copper and calcium, which are important nutrients for the skin.

Moringa oil is a very stable carrier which is highly nutritious to the skin and similar in composition to olive oil but much lighter. It is a powerful natural antioxidant with excellent skin smoothing properties.
Food Industy
This oil is known as the most stable natural oil, which is a good source of behenic acid and is used as a preservative in food industries. It is an excellent salad oil. The Moringa oil is odorless to mild nutty flavor. It is also used as vegetable cooking oil. Due to its high quantities of Oleic Acids (Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acid) is good for sautéing and deep frying. The bright yellow oil with a pleasant taste has been compared in quality with olive oil. It can also be used in dressings. The Moringa oil is clear, sweet and odorless, never becoming rancid.

FABULOUS FRUITS

Topics included in this section are:

Top Ten Fruits
Fruits that are Kind to the Intestines
31 Favorite Fruits and the Nutrients They Contain
Top 10 Fiber-rich Fruits
Top 7 Vitamin C-containing Fruits

How you rank fruit depends upon the reason you're eating the fruit and your individual tastes. The four most valuable nutrients in fruits are fiber, vitamin C, carotenoids (e.g. beta carotene), and phytonutrients (health-building substances). Here are our rankings - an overall "Top Ten Fruits" list and our top choices for fiber and vitamin C.

Our top ten ranking of fruits is based upon their content of these nutrients: vitamin C, fiber, carotenoids, calcium, and folic acid. Availability, safety, and versatility also influenced these choices.

  1. Avocado
  2. Papaya
  3. Guava
  4. Cantaloupe
  5. Orange
  6. Apricots (dried, unsulfured)
  7. Mango
  8. Strawberries (organic)
  9. Kiwi
  10. Grapefruit (pink or red)

Allergies or illness can make the intestines more sensitive. Some fruits contain sugars that are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while the sugar in other fruits may ferment and cause gas to build up in the intestines. This is hard on an intestinal lining already irritated by allergens or viruses. The ratio of fructose to glucose in the fruit as well as the fiber content determine how much of the sugar is absorbed. The higher the glucose-to-fructose ratio, the more intestinal-friendly the fruit. The most intestines-friendly fruit, especially if you are suffering from a diarrhea illness, is white grapes since they contain equal amounts of fructose and glucose. The high glucose content helps all the fructose be absorbed so little is left over to ferment into intestinal gas. And, white grape juice contains no sorbitol. Here's how these fruits rank:

Most Kind to the Intestines Least Kind to the Intestines
  • White grapes
  • Strawberries
  • Raspberries
  • Blackberries
  • Pineapples
  • Oranges
  • Prunes
  • Pears
  • Sweet cherries
  • Peaches
  • Apples
  • The reason these fruits are less intestinal-friendly is because they have a higher fructose-to -glucose ratio, some contain sorbitol and some fruits have higher levels of fiber. If you are suffering from sluggish bowels or constipation, then use this nutritional quirk to your advantage since juices, such as prune and pear nectar, tend to be laxative in effect.

    Let's face it, our food preferences are based on taste, not nutrition, which is why fruit is such a great food. Fruit tastes sweet and interesting. They have an agreeable texture, crunchy like apples, smooth like a peach, and juicy like an orange. And most fruits are surprisingly nutritious. Though not as nutrient-dense as vegetables, fruits are an important source of vitamins, minerals, and enzymes. Some fruits are more nutritious than others, but with fruits, as with vegetables and grains, variety is the spice of life. Nutrients that one fruit lacks, another fruit provides. Fructose is the principle sugar in most fruits, though sucrose is the principle sugar in others, such as oranges, melons, and peaches. Fructose is absorbed slowly into the bloodstream, so fruit gives you energy without triggering the ups and downs of the insulin cycle.

    1. Apple. An apple a day may not keep the doctor entirely away, but apples are nutritious, convenient, and always available. Apples get an A+ in fiber content, since they contain a lot of the soluble fiber, pectin, that helps to lower cholesterol. They also contain some cancer-fighting flavenoids. Eating a whole apple is more nutritious than drinking apple juice, since the fiber, vitamins, and minerals may be processed out of the juices. When the flesh of an apple turns brown, it means some of the nutrients have oxidized and are lost. To get the best that any fruit has to offer, eat it fresh.
    2. Apricot. Five apricots contain around the same number of calories as one apple, but they have much more protein, calcium, iron, vitamin K, zinc, vitamin A, and folic acid. Apricots are high in beta carotene, as well as potassium and fiber. You'll find them on our list of the top ten nutritious fruits.
    3. Apricot, dried. Dried apricots are a particularly good source of beta carotene, potassium, and fiber (3 grams per 10 dried apricot halves). When purchasing dried apricots, read the label. Preservatives, such as sulfites or sulfur- dioxide, are often used to maintain apricots' orange color. These will be listed on the label. Sulfites can be an allergen for some people. You can purchase sulfite-free apricots in health food stores. Even though they are a less appealing, brownish color, they are equally nutritious. It is not worth consuming extra sulfites just so the apricots look more orange.
    4. Avocado. Avocados are usually thought of as a vegetable, but they are really a fruit, with more nutrition than any other fruit. Avocados are especially high in protein, fiber, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, and zinc. Avocados get the lion's share of their calories from fat, and while these are the heart-healthy monounsaturated fats with no cholesterol, you pay a caloric price. While weight-conscious adults might want to stick to an apple a day rather than an avocado a day, the high calorie content of avocados makes them a good food for growing children. The fat content of avocados depends upon the variety. Florida avocados have about half the fat and two-thirds the calories of California avocados. Another healthy fat that avocados contain are Omega 3 fatty acids. Because avocados are so nutrient dense, we included them in our top twelve foods as well as in our "Top Ten Fruits" list.

      Buying and serving tips. Avocados ripen after picking. Buy the avocado when it is under-ripe, meaning it is firm, but not hard - squeezing it gently does not leave a dent. Store avocados at room temperature for three or four days until they are soft enough to dent on squeezing. To speed ripening, place the avocados in a paper bag and store at room temperature until they are ready to eat (three to five days). Including an apple in the bag speeds up the process even more.

      For easy eating, halve the avocado by running a knife lengthwise around the middle of the avocado. Hold the avocado in both hands and twist at the cut. The halves will separate easily, leaving the pit in one half. Spoon out the flesh and enjoy. Mash avocados into dip for children. For adults, add tomatoes, onion, and garlic to make guacamole.

      Storing Guacamole or Half an Avocado
      Avocado turns brown after it's been exposed to air. To prevent this, sprinkle lemon or lime juice on the cut side of half an avocado and cover it tightly with plastic wrap. Include lemon or lime juice in your guacamole recipe to keep it from turning brown.

      NUTRITIP:

      Avocado Sandwich
      A favorite sandwich for growing children (and genetically lean adults) is whole wheat bread, a thin layer of peanut butter, thinly sliced tomatoes, a thick layer of guacamole, and a mound of alfalfa sprouts. For added richness, add a thin layer of lowfat mayonnaise. Enjoy!
    5. Banana. Bananas mash easily for baby food and blend nicely into a sweet smoothie. They contain a lot of potassium, so eating a daily banana is helpful to people on certain medications, such as diuretics, which may deplete the body of potassium. Even though most bananas are imported, the easy-to-peel feature of bananas makes it easy to peel the pesticides off.
    6. Blueberries. On the surface, blueberries don't seem to pack any particular standout nutrient. Yet recent studies have shown that blueberries have healthy stuff in their skin, an antioxidant, cancer-fighting phyto, called anthocyanin . Blueberries are an excellent fruit for making smoothies. Their sweet taste and rich purple color give any smoothie a more appealing taste, texture, and color.
    7. Boysenberries. Boysenberries are a great source of fiber.
    8. Cantaloupe. Cantaloupes are high in vitamin C, beta carotene, and potassium.
    9. Cherries. Cherries contain some beta carotene, and sour cherries contain more beta carotene than sweet cherries.
    10. Dates. Dates are a good source of fiber, iron, and niacin.
    11. Figs, dried. Dried figs are high in calories and high in carbs, but they also contain abundant amounts of other nutrients, such as calcium, fiber, protein, and potassium. They make an excellent snack and add fiber when they're chopped up and included in cookies. Because of the high fiber and high calcium content, they get an honorable mention on our "Top Ten Fruits" list. Their high carbohydrate and sugar content could be a drawback for sugar-sensitive individuals, but for athletes, figs would be a great addition to a pre-game meal.
    12. Grapefruit. Grapefruit is a great fruit, low in calories, high in fiber, with lots of vitamin C. If you get the pink or red variety instead of the white, grapefruit is also rich in beta carotene. Half the fiber is the insoluble type (good for the intestines) and half is soluble pectin fiber (good for the heart). Remember, though, that a lot of fiber is in the stringy walls that separate the segments. If you're digging out grapefruit segments with a spoon, you'll miss out on much of the fiber.
    13. Grapes. The skin of red and purple grapes contain cancer-fighting anthocyanin pigments, similar to the ones in blueberries. Green, seedless grapes are not exactly nutritional standouts, but kids love to snack on them, especially on hot days. They're a popular alternative to soda or candy.

      NUTRITIP
      Good Grapes

      Red wine has recently been touted as a health food because of studies showing a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease in cultures that drink a lot of red wine. Red wine may help to lower cholesterol. Yet, the health properties are probably not in the alcohol , but in the grapes. Grape skins contain resveratrol , a substance that can lower cholesterol and prevent fats in the bloodstream from sticking together and clogging arteries. Eating grapes, drinking dark grape juice that is made with skins, or eating raisins may be just as heart-healthy as drinking wine, without the health hazards of alcohol.

      NUTRITIP
      The Whole Fruit, and Nothing but...

      Eating the whole fruit is better than drinking the juice of the fruit, especially if you are watching your weight. A cup of apple juice contains around 115 calories with minimum nutrition, yet a medium-size apple has only 80 calories with a lot more nutrition. With the whole fruit you get the filling effect of fiber, so you tend to eat less. Juice goes down quickly, so you tend to want more.

    14. Guava. Guavas are hard to find, but gobble them up when you can. They rate high among the fruits for fiber and vitamin E. Guava juice is readily available in the juice section of most supermarkets, yet it contains added corn syrup, diluting the nutritional value compared to the raw fruit.
    15. Honeydew melon. Honeydew melon is not nearly as nutritious as cantaloupe. Cantaloupe contains half the number of calories, nearly twice the protein, slightly more fiber, more calcium, and a lot more beta carotene, compared with only a trace in honey-dew.
    16. Kiwi. Kiwi is a great source of vitamin C. Try cutting it in half and eating it out of the peel with a spoon.
    17. Lemon and lime. Lemons and limes are a moderately good source of vitamin C, with lemons containing about one-third more vitamin C than limes. Lemon and lime juice add flavor to dishes, which can be helpful if you're cutting back on salt.

      NUTRITIP
      Fruit Fresheners

      Lemon acts like an antioxidant to keep cut fruit from quickly oxidizing (turning brown). Sprinkle lemon juice on apple slices and avocado halves or guacamole to preserve their freshness.
    18. Mango. Mangoes are high in fiber, high in beta carotene (similar to apricots and cantaloupe), high in vitamin C -- but much higher in calories than equal servings of similar fruits, such as cantaloupe and papaya.
    19. Orange. Oranges are known for their vitamin C content, but they're also a good source of folate and fiber. They even contain some calcium. As with grapefruit, the white membrane under the skin of the orange contains more vitamin C than the flesh and a lot of the pectin fiber. When peeling the orange, try to leave the white inner peeling on and eat it with the flesh (if you don't mind the slightly bitter taste).
    20. Papaya. High in calcium, folic acid, vitamin C, fiber, and carotenoids, this near-perfect fruit is becoming more widely available and affordable.
    21. Peach. The best peaches are tree-ripened and therefore locally grown. They contain some carotenoids and a tiny bit of vitamin C.
    22. Pear. A high sorbitol content, plus extra fiber, makes pears ideal for persons suffering from constipation. Most of the vitamin C in pears is concentrated in the skin, as is some of the fiber, so peeled, canned pears are less nutritious than fresh.
    23. Persimmons. Persimmons are high in fiber, carotenoids, and vitamin A. Some varieties are extremely high in vitamin C.
    24. Pineapple. Its claim to fame is that it's the fruit highest in the essential nutrient, manganese, and that it has digestive enzymes, as does papaya.
    25. Plum. Plums contain a bit of carotenoids and some vitamin C. There are many varieties from which to choose.
    26. Prunes. Prunes get an honorable mention on our "Top Ten Fruits" list because they contain at least some of many different important vitamins and minerals. Compared with other fruits, prunes are especially high in fiber (half of it the soluble type), protein, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium, and iron. They contain a touch of zinc and niacin, and some prunes even contain a bit of beta carotene. Prunes are known for their ability to move the intestines, thanks to their high fiber content and large amounts of the stool-loosening sugar, sorbitol.
    27. Raisins. This favorite snack food is high in fiber and iron but also high in calories and sugar. You can get the iron and fiber at a lower caloric cost in other fruits.
    28. Raspberries. Of all the fruits, raspberries pack the most fiber into the fewest calories. They're also higher in folic acid and zinc than most fruits. It is difficult to wash raspberries thoroughly, making pesticides a concern.
    29. Strawberries. Strawberries have two nutritional claims to fame: they are higher in vitamin C per calorie than any other fruit and they are high in fiber. Like raspberries, strawberries lose points because of the pesticide issue. You don't peel them and because of their rough texture, they are hard to clean. Only organic strawberries make it onto our "Top Ten Fruits" list.
    30. Tangerine. This member of the orange family contains much less vitamin C, folate, and fiber than an orange, but more vitamin A and carotenoids.
    31. Watermelon. Watermelon is the top fruit source of the carotenoid antioxidant lycopene.

      BERRY GOOD

      Colorful berries (blueberries and blackberries) are full of phytonutrients (especially the skin of blueberries) which contains powerful antioxidants, called anthocyanins (from the Greek for "dark blue flower"), and cancer fighters. Blueberries are a prime example of our color rule: the deeper the color, the better the berry. Similar antioxidants are found in other reddish-purple fruits and plants, such as cherries, red cabbage, and plums. These are the type of antioxidants that are responsible for the much-touted heart-healthy effect of red wine. (You could probably get the same health benefits from munching on red grapes.) Blueberries have the highest antioxidant capacity, mainly because of the high level of anthocyanins in the blueberry's skin. Bilberries have anthocyanins in the flesh as well as in their skin. All blueberries are not created equal. The smaller, wild blueberries have more skin and less water than the plump, cultivated blueberries. Because most of the health-promoting pigment is in the skin, the smaller the berry, the more anthocyanins. When it comes to these blue benefits, bigger is not better. Blueberries are great in pancakes, muffins, over cereal, and blended into smoothies. The health properties of these often underrated berries are well worth the stain you may get on your fingers.

    TOP TEN FIBER-RICH FOODS
    Fruit Calories Grams of Fiber per 100 calories
    1. Raspberries, 1 c. 60 8
    2. Blackberries, 1 c. 74 7.6
    3. Strawberries, 1 c. 45 3.4
    4. Prunes, 1/2 c., cooked 113 7.0
    5. Papaya, 1 medium 118 5.5
    6. Orange, 1 medium 50 3.0
    7. Apple, 1 medium 81 3.7
    8. Pears, 1 medium 98 4.0
    Figs, dried, 5 237 8.5
    10. Avocado, half 150 4

    NUTRITIP
    Skin Deep
    Much of the fiber in fruit is in the skin, especially when it comes to apples, pears, peaches, and nectarines. To get the full benefit of fiber, wash the fruit well and then eat the whole fruit - with the skin.

    Fruit Calories Milligrams of Vitamin C
    1. Guava, 1 medium 46 165
    2. Papaya, 1 cup, cubed 55 87
    3. Strawberries, 1 cup 45 84
    4. Kiwi, 1 medium 46 74
    5. Cantaloupe, 1 cup 56 68
    6. Orange, 1 medium 60 75
    7. Grapefruit, half 39 42

    Thursday, July 8, 2010

    Advice On How To Cure Cold And Fever With Honey

    by snowpink

    posted on 03/25/2009

    Honey has been known in the world for many generation as a "miracle food" because of its versatilities. It has many health benefits and Asian people partly relies on honey as a natural remedy for fever and cold.

    Cold and fever are very common especially when the weather is extreme. Health professionals always warned the people to take extra precautions by bringing umbrella and something to wear when rainy season comes in, or when during summer when our body required to stay outdoor. But despite of some precautionary measures, there are days when cold and fever couldn't be prevented. Most household, especially in some parts of Asian provinces like the Philippine countryside refused to take medicines because of its effect to the liver, so people from these areas resort to home remedies which naturally cure illnesses without adverse side effects.

    One of known remedies in the Philippines are Lagundi and Honey. But the very common is honey which offers miraculous healing to patients, it has many benefits including cure for cold and fever. Here's how to prepare honey for whenever you have fever and cold:

    First, prepare one glass of lukewarm water and squeeze 1 lemon juice and pour it to the water with 1 teaspoon of honey, properly mixed it and drink 3 times a day. Try to integrate the process by eating fresh fruits like banana, oranges, pineapple, apple and strawberry too, the very high concentration of vitamin C of these fruits effectively washed out bacteria. Refrain from drinking cold water during this period, it may only worsen your condition. Honey can help boost immune system and helps fight diseases inside the body system.

    Second, eat at least two bananas twice a day lathered with honey for a fast recovery. Try to include this routine (eating banana and drinking lukewarm water with honey)after each meal and repeat the above procedure until cold and fever go away. Do not drink coffee and alcoholic drinks at the duration of your illness, it may only add to some discomfort. Try to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables too and drink lots of water and fruit juices to eliminate toxin and waste substances and keep your digestive tract healthy and cleanse all the time.

    Above all, honey can do some trick for different illnesses, aside from cold and fever, it is also an effective remedy for swollen gums, acne and pimples even arthritis. Honey has an anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial properties that effectively heal and cleanse all bacteria. Honey can be bought at the supermarket and since it has no expiration date, you can bought it in advance and keep it in your refrigerator sealed in a bottle container.

    So the next time you have cold and fever disregard all those medicines and try to reach for honey which is very safe and proven to have a tremendous healing effect.

    Honey Health Benefits - 10 Home Remedies To Try

    by Chenette Dagooc
    (Philippines)

    Honey has been used as home remedies for numerous ailments among all group of age. Honey is used by the ayurvedic physicians over 3000 years as the best vehicle for almost all medicines.

    Honey has a fabulous history for its wide application as food and medicines among all ethnical groups all over the world.

    Here are some common home remedies which gives instant relief from ailments and prevents costly medical intervention and much pain.

    For respiratory problems:

    · Adding two teaspoons of honey and juice of half a lemon in a glass of hot water can make a drink of sore throats.

    1/2 tsp. of Black pepper powder, 1/4 tsp. of long pepper powder and 1 tsp. of honey mixture is useful to overcome sore throat.

    · Dried ginger powder 1/2 tsp, 2-3 black pepper cones, 2-3 cloves, 2-3 cardamom, 1/2 tsp.

    Cummins seeds should be boiled and add little tea leaves and honey and can be had hot. It gives good relief of the throat pain, cold, and cough.

    It can be taken two to three times in a day.

    · Honey is free of unnecessary herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers, bee antibiotics and other substances that can harm your health.

    · Honey is used to remove phlegm. Take 8- 10 tulsi leaves, 1-2 cloves of garlic, 1/2 inch piece ginger crushed and 3-4 black pepper cones, boil it in 1 cup of water.

    Add 1 tsp. of honey to this and drink it warm. This is good for cold and cough with phlegm.

    · Honey mixed with weak tea is useful for gargles in irritant cough.

    Mix equal parts of ginger juice and honey and have it 2-3 times in a day which is good for cough.

    Ginger powder, black pepper powder and honey is also good for dry cough and can be had 3-4 times in a day.

    Pepper powder, dry ginger powder, liquorice root powder and honey mixture is good for dry cough.

    1 tsp. turmeric, 2-3 tsp. ginger juice, 2-3 tsp. lime juice and 3 tsp. honey can be mixed and taken 3 times for cough in a day.

    · Asafoetida is useful in the treatment of respiratory disorders like whooping cough, asthma and bronchitis.1 tsp. of asafoetida mixed with honey will help to keep away these disorders.

    · A pinch of turmeric and one teaspoon of honey in warm milk can be taken daily for children and adults who get frequent colds.

    For gastrointestinal problems:

    · Honey 50 ml per litre is recommended instead of sugar in the oral rehydration fluid.

    · Honey and ginger helps in proper digestion and prevents stomach diseases. Ginger juice is made with a teaspoon of freshly squeezed juice of ginger and lime and a teaspoon of honey in hot water.

    · The nutmeg should be powdered and mixed with honey and can be taken during diarrhoea. It can be given to small children also. 1 teaspoon twice or thrice can be taken.

    · One spoon of fresh honey mixed with the juice of half a lemon in a glass of lukewarm water taken first thing in the morning is very effective for constipation, hyperacidity, and obesity.

    Antiseptic properties and beauty care
    Honey is useful for the skin diseases. It can be applied externally for wounds, sores, and burns. It is also believed to minimise disfiguring scar.

    Honey, turmeric, and gram flour is very good face pack. It can be applied for 15 - 20 minutes and washed off with water.

    Honey - a tasty medicine from thousands of diseases

    This tasty medicine is useful for everybody. Of course, we talk about honey. This very pleasant medicine is easy-to-use, has almost no side effects and overdoses

    This tasty medicine is useful for everybody. Of course, we talk about honey. This very pleasant medicine is easy-to-use, has almost no side effects and overdoses.

    Even if your baby manages to reach it, it will bring no harm to him. And another thing: you shouldn’t rush to a drug-store to buy this medicine, it’s always at hand. Well, from time to time everyone wants to try something tasty - so, there’s nothing better than honey. Honey is a high-calorie product and at the same time an efficient medicinal remedy.

    Honey is a real cocktail of glucose, fructose, proteins, ferments, vitamins (B2, B6, PP and etc.), various mineral substances and organic acids. Fresh honey - is a thick transparent paste, which starts crystallizing and hardening with time. You should remember, ripe honey has the best taste and sustenance. To determine ripeness of honey, you can put a spoon in it and turn it. Unripe honey trickles down from a spoon, and ripe one - winds it up. With time honey can (and should) become sugared. Its quality doesn’t change, and this thickening only points at its high quality. Color spectrum of honey is much varied - from light-yellow (acacia) to dark-brown (buckwheat).

    Honey can be even green, although its color, taste and scent (”bouquet”) are determined by time and place of harvest. By the way, there’re more mineral substances (iron, copper and etc.) in dark honey. Honey contains almost whole Mendeleev periodic system. Honey takes one of the first places as a source of energy in food products calorie charts. 1 kg of honey contains 3150 calories. Probably, it’s not very good for our waist, but it’s just great for a growing child’s organism. Besides proteins, playing role of a plastic substance, honey also contains folacin, which is so necessary for children and teenagers. It is wonderfully digested, not breaking children enamel. German stomatologists recommend parents to replace sugar and other sweets by honey strongly.

    Qauntity of honey, which you can (and sometimes should) eat per day, is 100 g for adults and 30-50 g - for children. It’s better to distribute this quantity among several meals. In general, we need to say that honey is useful for everybody - both healthy and ill - as an excellent preventive measure to increase immunity, while frequent catarrhal diseases, anemias, neuroses, liver and heart disorders, alimentary canal disorders. Enthusiasts of honey treatment use honey to cure almost all diseases - from skin to endocrine. You can take honey in different ways, depending on your disease. Thus, if you have problems with nasopharynx, it’s better to take small portions of honey and keep them in mouth for a long. Then antibacterial substances, contained in honey, will start being absorbed yet in mouth and throat cavities. If you suffer from alimentary canal diseases, it’s better to dilute honey with water to receive thick consistence. And if you have pharyngitis, laryngitis and bronchitis, it’s better to use honey inhalations. Sort also plays a certain role. Thus, if you see no cardinal improvement of the situation in 1-2 months, then, probably, you should choose other sort of honey.

    You should eat honey 3-4 times per day. If you suffer from gastritis with hypoacidity, you should take honey right before meal, you can dilute if with cold water if you wish. And while gastritis with overacidity honey is diluted with warm water and eaten 1,5-2 hours before meal. Honey can also be included in stomach ulcer treatment. You should consult a doctor to avoid side effects of medical and honey treatment. Honey is diluted with warm water and taken the same way as while gastritis with overacidity, 2 hours before or 3 hours after meal (better while breakfast or lunch).

    Folk medicine of almost all countries notes medicinal effect of honey on nervous system. In an ancient Chinese book “Description of plants and herbs of Apis” it is said: “Long usage of honey hardens will power, adds lightness to a body, prolongs life”. Honey - is a wonderful sedative and sleeping-draught. Unlike medical preparations, it causes no side effects: depression, tiredness and attention and coordination disorder. Honey is used while such diseases, like various neuroses (including “heart” one) and neurasthenia. While excitability, headaches, supressed mood and lowered capacity for work it’s recommended to take 100-120 g of honey per day, in the morning and evening - 30 g, and after lunch - 40 g. You will find no better soporific remedy, than a glass of warn honey water 30 minutes before going to bed.

    You your baby or you suffer from stomatopathy and nasopharynx diseases, you can try honey gargle of different compositions. You can add chamomile flowers, lime-blossom, oak’s bark (1 table spoons) to honey (1 table spoon on a glass of water). But still most often we apply for honey while cold. To increase medicinal effect, you can mix honey with lime flowers extract, raspberry, coltsfoot leaves or marjoram. Extracts are prepared on the basis of 1 table spoon of herb and 1 table spoon of honey for a glass of water. If you don’t like scent of medicinal herbs for some reason - mix honey with warm milk.

    Honey can be used as a preventive measure against rachitis, anemia, strengthening of immunity since first years of a child’s life. Swiss doctors recommend smearing baby’s gums with honey while teething. In Insitute of Public Health (USA) they use honey treatment to cure anemia and rachitis successfully. But if you decided to start anemia and rachitis treatment, you should eat dark honey. It contains 4 times more iron, than light one. A month will pass, and you will see how your child’s condition changes in a miraculous way - not only blood values improve, but also general health, sleep and mood. In Japan, they give a spoon of honey, mixed with pollen, to all children in the morning. It is considered, that this influences a baby’s intellect development positively.

    Honey is also a harmless cosmetic remedy. If shaving brings only troubles to your husband - persuade him to smear skin with honey. Honey is a very strong hemostatic, it quickens regeneration and softens skin.

    Wel, you can give yourself a treat sometimes - prepare a honey bath. You will need 250 g of honey for one bath, duration - 15 minutes. Such bath will definitely heighten your vitality and strenghten your trust in miraculous abilities of honey.

    However, you still should not forget about possibility of allergic reactions. Supersensitivity to honey can be different - nettle-rash, edemata, breathlessness, vomiting and diarrhea. If you notice such symptoms, you should stop eating honey immediately.

    Finally, there’re several practical advices: remember, honey absorbs all surrounding smells very easily. And if you keep it uncovered close to cheese, fish or pickled onions, don’t be surprised that it smells with them. So, glass or ceramic (but not iron) crockery will be the best one to keep honey. And if you decided to turn hardened honey into liquid one, put a dish with honey in a pan with hot water and heat. However, while heating over 37-40C honey starts losing its medicinal qualities. So, don’t show excess of zeal. Eat honey and don’t be ill!

    Honey In Modern Therapeutics

    Honey plays an insignificant part in our modern Materia Medial, though strained, clarified, borated and rose honey are listed in many pharmacopoeias. The mel depuratum (clarified honey) is rather an inadequate substance because it is subjected to heating and is filtered through cloth which also robs it of some mineral elements.

    In lay, let us call it unscientific medicine, especially in the rural districts, however, honey is today a more popular nostrum than the medical profession would surmise. Physicians, with few ex ceptions, grin broadly at the mere mention of the medicinal and food merits of honey. Of course, the name honey sounds rather homely, almost dilettant. How much more knowledge and intelligence the term, cinchophen, for example, reveals. This sub-stance was widely advertised and the medical fraternity, conformably, employed it. It soon became so popular that the general public began to use it indiscriminately. After it had caused irreparable harm and many patients had died from its effect, the sale without a prescription was prohibited. This is only one in-stance. On the other hand, people will ignore good things which are within their reach.

    Something should be done to induce the medical profession to look more carefully into the remedial and dietetic value of honey. On the European continent, where physicians are paid for keeping patients in good health, honey is freely used. It is time that American physicians should do likewise and obviate the possibility of a rather embarrassing accusation that instead of pre-venting disease, they prevent health. It is the physician's duty to help and to educate the public.

    In antiquity and all through the Middle Ages, honey was an important medicine. Up to the end of the last century, it still held the place of honor in the service of Aesculapius. Only with the advent of the millions of patented and well-advertised domestic and imported whatnots was honey almost banished as a curative substance, the same fate which it suffered as a sweetening matter upon the introduction of refined sugar. Thanks to the simple country-folk and to the primitive races, honey is yet in its glory as a dispenser of health and as a valued remedy. Honey cures were popular in many European countries for the tired feeling caused by the so-called spring fever.

    The consideration alone that a snake is pictured coiled around the stick of Aesculapius, eager to feast from a cup of honey, ought to be sufficient exhortation to medical men to be more interested in this substance. (Aesculapius, the god of Medicine, who not only healed the sick but restored the dead to life, held the snake sacred. The snake was the emblem of health and recovery. The snakes were fed on honey or honey cakes. Whoever entered the cave of Trophonius had to throw honey cake to the snakes (Pausanias IX. 39:5). Honey was also the favorite food of the fabled serpent, the guardian of the Acropolis (Herodot. VIII. 41). The snake of Aesculapius in Cos was given honey and honey cake (Herondas IV. 90; Virgil Aeneid IV. 484).

    Among the Asiatic races, including the Chinese and the Hindu, and among the Egyptians, Arabs and the African tribes, honey is still considered an excellent protective food and a sovereign internal and external remedy. Amongst the Wa-Sania tribes, British East Africa, a mother's only nutriment for several days after the birth of a child is honey with hot water. A boy, after he has been circumcised (usually at the age of 3 or 4) is permitted only to consume honey and water for a week. Among the Nandis some honey is placed on the tongue of a child before circumcision. Honey is often combined by them with the bark and leaves of certain trees and plants. Among the rural population of the old countries, especially among the Greeks, Italians, Hungarians and all the Slavic races, honey is a popular home remedy. Their laxative medicines, likewise those for coughs, bronchitis, tuberculosis and other pulmonary ailments, contain honey. For respiratory troubles honey is often mixed with anis, pepper, horseradish, ginger, mustard and garlic. A glassful of warm milk with a table-spoonful of honey is used for bronchitis and debilitated conditions. Goat's milk or buttermilk and honey is a favored and popular remedy for tuberculosis. Goat's milk is most nutritious and very digestible. It is nearest to human milk. There are more vitamins, minerals, fats and proteins in goat's milk than in any other milk. In the East, Far East, Africa and in most European countries goat's milk is extremely popular. Recently there have been considerable efforts made in the United States to popularize goat raising.

    The diuretic effect of honey which was well known in antiquity, is still employed in kidney and bladder involvements. In pyelitis (inflammation of the renal pelvis) honey increases the amount of urine and exerts a decided antiseptic effect. The patients quickly improve; the urine clears and loses its putrid odor. The laxative effect of honey in these cases is also of advantage. One of the author's correspondents (J. L. McD., of Marion, Indiana), wrote thus about the subject: "A bee-keeping friend of mine suffered from tuberculosis of the kidney and was given up by two doctors fifteen years ago. He got to eating honey and plenty of it and he is today as peppy as a youngster." Honey is an important ingredient of worm-cures. The African tribes also mix their tobacco and their aphrodisiac remedies with honey.

    Among the so-called "civilized" communities we find some people who favor honey, especially for throat and bronchial ailments. During many years' professional contact with opera singers, the writer has found that they frequently resorted to honey for the treatment of their throat affections. They consider it an excellent demulcent and expectorant. Three parts of honey and one part of compound tincture of benzoin is popular among singers; so is an occasional gulp from a mixture of two ounces of honey, one ounce of lemon juice and an ounce of pure glycerin. Honey (125 gm.) and alum (25 gm.) added to one quart of water is a useful gargle. The mixture of honey and alum is highly valued for sore throat and ulcerations of the gums and mouth. Hot milk and honey make an excellent remedy for husky throats.

    Another correspondent of the author (M. S. of Kansas City, Mo.) has written about the curative value of honey in pulmonary affection, as follows: "In 1925, I became ill and consulted several doctors, all of whom gave the verdict of active tuberculosis. After seven months, two doctors gave me up, and said that my only chance was to go West, which I could not afford to do. At a later date, they frankly informed me that I had only three months to live and insisted on sending me to Colorado. I was then living in Kansas City, Missouri, and had previously been engaged in cement and paving work. I managed to land a job in Nemaha County, Kansas, about 140 miles west of Kansas City. My work was to establish an apiary of one hundred colonies for a commercial orchard. I was to `batch' in a room in the apple house, which had a cement floor. Often it took all my strength to carry a gallon bucket of water from the well, one hundred feet away. In studying bees, I had learned the value of honey in driving out and destroying all germs in the human body. I used honey regularly and I worked to the limit of my strength. Three years later, the same doctors examined me and found only a few spots on my lungs. They absolutely refused to believe that I was the same person. Today, I take my place as an average man. I take care of two hundred fifty colonies of bees and a farm of twenty-five acres of land. The only help I have is about one month during the honey harvest. I don't know whether the honey cured me, or it was the fact that I was too lazy to crawl into my coffin, but I believe the honey and possibly the raw diet were the major factors of my recovery."

    J. J. H., of Brownsville, Florida, reports that when his grand-mother was a young girl she was given up by her physicians as a hopeless consumptive. Someone prescribed a diet of honey and goat's milk, with the result that she lived to the age of eighty-eight and was free from illness during the rest of her lifetime.

    M. D. A., of Old Forge, New York, is certainly a great admirer of honey. He writes: "Having kept bees and eaten honey for over thirty years, I can tell about my own experience and give also observations of other people who use honey exclusively for sweetening. I never have known a beekeeper who had any kind of kidney trouble. They all have a clear complexion, good eyesight and no lameness. Among my friends who eat honey and keep bees, there is no cancer or paralysis. My best remedy for a bee sting is to cover it with honey, even a deep burn will not scar if treated the same way. I have seen sour milk, whole wheat cracked for cereal, honey and butter do wonders in diet. I cured the cough of a great number of my friends, where other remedies failed, with this prescription:

    4 tablespoonfuls of honey
    1 teaspoonful of sulphur
    5 drops of pure turpentine

    Mix it, take half-teaspoonful two or three hours apart." The soporific effect of honey is par excellence. The French Voirnot advocated it for insomnia. Dr. Lorand (of Carlsbad) also recommends honey as a good hypnotic and reconstructive. D. Dumoulin, when eighty years old, commented, "Chaque soir, avant de me mettre au lit, je prends une cuiller â cafe de miel, soit pur, soit dans du lait chaud, et je dors comme â vingt ans." (Every night, before I go to bed I take a teaspoonful of honey, sometimes pure, other times in hot milk and I sleep like when twenty years old.) A tumblerful of hot water with one or two tablespoonfuls of ripe honey and the juice of half a lemon has been the author's favorite potion for nervous insomnia. This simple and inexpensive home remedy has been greatly appreciated by his patients and most of them have assured him that it is more helpful than (an infinite number of patented drugs could equitably replace these dots).

    In digestive disturbances honey is of great value. Honey does not ferment in the stomach because, being an inverted sugar, it is easily absorbed and there is no danger of a bacterial invasion. The flavor of honey excites the appetite and helps digestion. The propoma of the ancients, made of honey, was a popular appetizer. For anemics, dyspeptics, convalescents and the aged, honey is an excellent reconstructive and tonic. In malnutrition, no food or drug can equal it. The laxative value of honey, on account of its lubricating effect, is well known. Its fatty acid content stimulates peristalsis. In gastric catarrh, hyperacidity, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gall bladder diseases honey is recommended by several eminent gastroenterologists.

    Dr. Schacht, of Wiesbaden, claims to have cured many hope-less cases of gastric and intestinal ulcers with honey and without operations. It is rather unusual that a physician of standing has the courage and conviction to praise honey. The beekeepers and their friends know that honey will cure gastric and intestinal ulcerations, this distressing, prevalent and most dangerous malady, a precursor of cancer. But the news has not yet reached 99% of the medical profession. The remaining few physicians who know it, are afraid to suggest such an unscientific and plebeian remedy, for fear of being laughed at by their colleagues and scientifically inclined patients. You may read in almost every issue of apicultural papers the reports of correspondents regarding their experience with honey for gastric ulcers, after going through the medical mill for years without improvement, with-out even hope of ever getting cured. Then incidentally they meet a beekeeper or one of his converts and if they have courage and common sense (there are few) to heed the advice, they get well. It is disheartening for a physician to read such reports. For in-stance, a correspondent (A. L. T. of Omaha, Nebr.), writes in Gleanings in Bee Culture, February, 1931), "I have been a sufferer from ulcerated stomach for several years, part time in the hospital, part time in bed and nearly all the time in much pain. I noticed from the middle of September I was much better and gave no thought to the reason but kept up eating honey because I relished it. I had no attack since and it held good. . . ." It would fill a volume to assemble similar testimonials, praising particularly the curative value of honey in gastric and intestinal disorders, including ulcers. Father Kneipp, a great admirer of honey, remarked: "Smaller ulcers in the stomach are quickly contracted, broken and healed by it."

    Honey is a rapidly acting source of muscular energy and has great value as a restorative. The protoplasm craves sugar as does an individual. Muscles in action consume three and a half times as much glycogen as when at rest. A normal heart, according to Starling, uses glycogen at the rate of four milligrams per gram of heart per hour. The invigorating effect of honey was discussed under the heading, "Honey for Athletes and Soldiers." It is not surprising that many well-known physicians recommend honey for an ailing heart. Dr. Lorand in Old Age Deferred, and in Life Shortening Habits and Rejuvenation, expresses his faith in honey as a sine qua non in arteriosclerosis and weak heart. Dr. G. N. W. Thomas, of Edinburgh, Scotland, in an article in the Lancet remarks that "in heart weakness I have found honey to have a marked effect in reviving the heart action and keeping patients alive. I had further evidence of this in a recent case of pneumonia. The patient consumed two pounds of honey during the illness; there was an early crisis with no subsequent rise of temperature and an exceptionally good pulse. I suggest that honey should be given for general physical repair and, above all, for heart failure." Sir Arbuthnot Lane also emphasized the value of honey as a heart and muscle stimulant, and as an excellent source of energy. There is no better food, he thought, to meet muscular fatigue and exhaustion.

    Carbohydrate and especially sugar metabolism has great importance. Energy is primarily the result of carbohydrate assimilation. Hyperglycemic individuals are, as a rule, more energetic and less prone to fatigue; subglycemic people tire easily and are apathetic. Certain nervous types, though glycophile subjects, exhaust their sugar reserve fast and wear out just as quickly. Lack of energy is not always due to laziness.

    In typhoid fever and pneumonia, where the digestive functions are badly crippled, honey is most beneficial. Why embarrass enfeebled digestions with foods which require chemical changes before their assimilation when we can administer a serviceable and pleasant food which is predigested? For the treatment of typhoid fever, honey diluted in water is the author's preferential food. It is an ideal substance, in this special instance, on account of its demulcent effect on the inflamed intestines, its rapid assimilation and its capability to supply food and energy without causing fermentation, which is so much feared in typhoid fever. Honey, a concentrated and predigested food, is absorbed orally I00% and per rectum 96%. For rectal feeding honey is exceptionally well adapted. Galen's honey and oil enema was highly valued in antiquity. While sugar favors worms, honey was considered as one of the best vermifuge remedies by all ancients and it is widely used for this purpose, even today, by primitive races.

    Medical textbooks pay only little attention to the real worth and merit of honey. The results which some physicians have de-rived from the use of honey, as a rule, have been incidental. Dr. C. H. English, Medical Director of the Lincoln National Life Insurance Co., vividly describes his own experience (Gleanings in Bee Culture, 55:1927). About forty-one years ago the doctor practiced medicine among rural folk. He acquired two colonies of bees which soon increased and it was not long until he had more honey on hand than he and his family could use. Not wishing to sell honey, it occurred to him to distribute his surplus stock among patients. There were a sufficient number of cases which offered an excellent field to try out the nutrimental, medicinal and tonic effects of honey. In respiratory troubles, the doctor found that honey acted not only as a good expectorant but as a valuable heart tonic. In pneumonia, near the crisis, when honey was freely given, it had a marked effect. The benefits were so evident that the administration of honey became a routine practice with him. He found no other food or heart stimulant which had a more lasting effect. This practice he kept up for fifteen years with the most gratifying results. Occasionally in severe cases, when he ran short of honey, he noticed the difference and when he succeeded again in procuring some the improvement was quite manifest. Dr. English also used honey success-fully in infant feeding.

    The blood reconstructive power of honey can be surmised from a recent report from Germany. According to this information Edmund Eckardt (thirty-five years old) a champion blood donor, whose only visible means of support is to supply blood for trans-fusions, just celebrated his jubilee. He has saved fifty lives in the last three years. When interviewed as to how he makes good his losses he described his diet. During daily breakfast he consumes honey; for luncheon he has fish and vegetables and drinks orange juice with his dinner. His main reliance is on honey and oranges, of which he eats thirty a day. An expert of the Blood Transfusion Betterment Association of New York, when inter-viewed on the subject, suggested that Eckhardt's faith in oranges is unjustified because what a blood donor needs is iron, and Eckardt in fact, "does not mention that any part of his diet contains iron." Another occasion where "dethroned" honey was utterly disregarded! Count Luckner, of World War fame, is an extremely moderate eater. He is about sixty-five years old and looks no more than forty. Luckner bends a silver half-dollar with two fingers and tears a Manhattan telephone directory into small pieces with greatest ease. The Count relates that his first food in the morning is a "goodly portion of honey."

    Many people, especially beekeepers, and a few physicians (this writer among them) claim that honey taken internally prevents and often cures arthritic and rheumatoid ailments. The peasants of Hungary even put a honey poultice over the big toe in gout and they say the pain disappears in half an hour. Such assertions have, of course, all the earmarks of unscientific broach. Still there are many who insist that honey has benefited them more than all the "scientific" vaccines. Vitamin C deficiency would explain an impaired circulation and recent researches ( James F. Reinhart, Studies relating to Vitamin C deficiency in rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of Internal Medicine, December, 1935), clearly prove that lack of vitamin C favors the development of infectious arthritis. Dr. Heermann of Kassel, Germany, suggests (Fortschritte der Medizin, Vol. 54) 1936) the use of honey for rheumatism, atrophy of muscles, nervous conditions, tuberculotic glands, etc., both internally and externally. He employed honey with success for thirty-five years. Dr. Heermann thinks it is unnecessary to extract the venom of the bees to treat these conditions. Honey itself contains some venom because the bees use their stings not only for defense but also for the preservation of honey.

    Many beekeepers are of the opinion that, besides the admitted and generally recognized curative effects of the stings in rheumatic ailments, honey also contributes its benefits in preventing and curing these diseases. As an illustration, I quote a letter from J. L. McD., of Marion, Indiana: "I began bee keeping be-cause I had rheumatism, and it has disappeared, but I consider it due more to the fact that I ate honey than to bee stings. Nearly four years ago, I had rheumatism in my knees. I finally went to Dr. K of Marion, Indiana, for advice. He put me on a citrous fruit diet, allowing only honey. In a week, he allowed breakfast food sweetened with honey. It did the work, and I liked honey so well that I bought a few hives of bees to supply my family, and now—nearly four years later—I want everyone to know honey and to like it, as Nature's own health-sweet, full of pep and vitamins that God gave us, pure as snow. My growing son is developing into a healthy, sturdy ten-year old since the use of honey, egg and milk drinks. My rheumatism never returned."

    Honey, taken by itself and not mixed with other foods, was considered by the ancients an excellent remedy for obesity. Bee-keepers today, who know it from their own experience, will confirm this allegation. The regimen, at a glance, sounds rather unscientific to a modern physician; nevertheless it has a deeper biochemical meaning than it appears to have. Fats and sugars are both carbon-containing and energy-providing foods which burn up by contact with oxygen and create energy. Sugars which contain more carbon elements and are more inflammable produce energy more quickly. Fats which contain less carbon and oxygen than sugars, are utilized slower because their purpose is only to supply reserve energy; they require more oxygen and more draught to set them afire and are not meant for immediate use. If there is not enough sugar to keep the fires burning, the system will resort to its reserve fat. Accordingly when sugars, especially honey, are ingested into the system they will cause a rapid combustion and the fats will burn with the aid of the draught produced by their "fire." If an organism is slow to burn up fat (as in obesity), it will be assisted by the rapidity of sugar metabolism. The process could be compared to setting slowly inflammable coal ablaze with the aid of straw, kindling wood or even oil. Of course, there is sufficient oxygen in carbohydrates to assist in the combustion of carbon elements even without an outside source of oxygen.

    Acknowledging some more medical information received from the laity, the writer's attention has been repeatedly called to the beneficial effect of honey on hay fever victims. There are many reports that the consumption of honey collected by bees from goldenrod and fireweed will cure hay fever superinduced by the selfsame pollen. Now comes Dr. George D. McGrew, of the Army Medical Corps of the William Beaumont General Hospital in El Paso, Texas, with a statement in an article published in the Military Surgeon that during the 1936 hay-fever season thirty-three hay-fever sufferers obtained partial or complete re-lief through the consumption of honey, produced in their vicinity. The brood cells contain a considerable amount of bee-bread (pollen) stored by the bees for their young and when this is orally administered it will produce a gradual immunity against the allergic symptoms caused by the same pollen. Dr. McGrew found particular relief for patients when they chewed the honey with the wax of the brood-cells. The hospital staff also made an alcoholic extract from pollen and administered it in from one to ten drop doses, according to the requirements of the patients.

    Old beekeepers will tell you that a glassful of hot water with a tablespoonful of honey and some lemon juice will cure influenza and also help the pocketbook. (We physicians should not begrudge the medical propensity of farmers. They seem to agree with Bernard Shaw's remark that every profession is a conspiracy against the laity, so they retaliate. And the time-honored principle, experience versus theory, upon which Napoleon so often commented, should also be taken into consideration. The Hungarians have liberally consumed paprika for a thousand years and are convinced that it has contributed in a great measure to their health and temperament. After Professor Szent-Györgyi, the discoverer of Vitamin C, had tried unsuccessfully in Chicago to produce this vitamin from tons of liver, he returned very much disappointed to Hungary, where he accidentally found that red pepper is a rich source of Vitamin C.)

    Honey would have a wider and better use in modern medicine if comprehensive microchemical and physiological studies would be instituted to determine the types of honey which are best suited to particular cases. The properties and tendencies of honeys vary according to the chemical characteristics of the nectar and pollen of plants from which they were collected. Dr. C. A. Browne, Principal Chemist in charge of research, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, U. S. Department of Agriculture, admits that the gross composition of honeys of various types have been accurately determined but that comparatively little has been done and much more remains to be done toward ascertaining the nature and quantities of less common substances that occur in honey. Nitrogenous compounds (proteins), though honey contains these in small amounts, still play a very important rôle in the utilization of honey. The same applies to amino acids, various colloidal sub-stances, to the mineral constituents and enzymes which honey contains. We have comparatively little definite knowledge about the so-called dextrins. The mineral content of honey considerably affects the degree of its acidity (pH). Dr. Browne thinks that more knowledge on the subject would be of great value in ear-marking the various types of honey, which would serve as a guide in choosing the most suitable types for particular use.